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Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west Nigeria

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 145-159 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0304-z

摘要： An assessment of the potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for an off-grid rural community of Sokoto, North-west Nigeria was conducted. A specific electric load profile was developed to suite the community consisting 200 homes, a school and a community health center. The data obtained from the Nigeria Meteorological Department, Oshodi, Lagos (daily mean wind speeds, and daily global solar radiation for 24 years from 1987 to 2010) were used. An assessment of the design that will optimally meet the daily load demand with a loss of load probability (LOLP) of 0.01 was performed, considering 3 stand-alone applications of photovoltaic (PV), wind and diesel, and 3 hybrid designs of wind-PV, wind-diesel, and solar-diesel. The diesel standalone system (DSS) was taken as the basis of comparison as the experimental location has no connection to a distribution network. The HOMER® software optimizing tool was engaged following the feasibility analysis with the RETScreen software. The wind standalone system (WSS) was found to be the optimal means of producing renewable electricity in terms of life cycle cost as well as levelised cost of producing energy at $0.15/(kW·h). This is competitive with grid electricity, which is presently at a cost of approximately $0.09/(kW·h) and 410% better than the conventional DSS at a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $0.62/kWh. The WSS is proposed for communities around the study site.

关键词： photovoltaic (PV) power     wind power     solar-wind hybrid     cost per kilowatt-hour     clean energy    

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新京沪铁路最优化选择——时速200公里快速轮轨

李玉山

《中国工程科学》 2004年 第6卷 第12期   页码 7-12

摘要：

从中国13亿人口的有效需求出发，汲取“铱星”通讯系统和超声速“协和”号飞机运营失败的教训，提出了新京沪铁路投资建设必须选择“最优化"而不是“最高速”；在中长距离上，选择8～12h旅行时间的“夕发朝至"列车具有最优化性价比；论述了中国铁路发展目标的最优化选择——时速200 km的电气化快速轮轨技术，符合幅员辽阔的中国现实社会经济基础发展的需要，符合中国的国情；分析了在能源危机日益深重的历史时代，时速400 km的“磁悬浮”和时速300 km的“高速轮轨”将造成国家难以承受的社会经济资源的巨大浪费和运营亏损。

关键词： 京沪铁路     最优化选择     磁悬浮     高速轮轨     时速200 km快速轮轨    

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Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1571-2

摘要：

● Adsorption of PFASs on MPs and its mechanisms are critically reviewed.

关键词： Microplastics     Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances     Adsorption     Transport     Transformation    

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Effects of modafinil on vestibular function during 24 hour sleep deprivation

ZHAN Hao, XIE Sujiang, JIA Hongbo, WEI Sihuang, JING Baisheng

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 226-229 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0044-0

摘要： The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of modafinil, a new wake-promoting agent, on vestibular function during 24 h sleep deprivation (SD) so as to provide experimental evidence for the rational use of this drug among air crew. Eight young, healthy male volunteers were exposed to two 24 h periods of continuous wakefulness during the crossover experiment. Initially, 200 mg dose of modafinil was given, and one week later, a matching placebo was administered. The SD time started from 08:00 of the first day to 08:00 of the second day. Drugs were given at 0:00 on the second day. Vestibular function was tested at 21:00 on the first day and 1, 3, 5, 7 h after drug administration. The accuracy of saccade tracking and gains in visual-vestibular optokinetic reflex (VVOR) and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) in the placebo group decreased during 24 h SD, especially at 01:00 05:00 on the second day, while OKN gains in the modafinil group increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the other vestibular functional indices between the modafinil group and placebo group. The 24 h SD can influence vestibular function to a certain degree, but modafinil may improve OKN.

关键词： VVOR     modafinil     Vestibular function     vestibular functional     Initially    

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Preparing construction supply chains for blockchain technology: An investigation of its potential and future directions

Algan TEZEL, Eleni PAPADONIKOLAKI, Ibrahim YITMEN, Per HILLETOFTH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第4期   页码 547-563 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0110-8

摘要： Blockchain, a peer-to-peer, controlled, distributed database structure, has the potential to profoundly affect current business transactions in the construction industry through smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and reliable asset tracking. The construction industry is often criticized for being slow in embracing emerging technologies and not effectively diffusing them through its supply chains. Often, the extensive fragmentation, traditional procurement structures, destructive competition, lack of collaboration and transparency, low-profit margins, and human resources are shown as the main culprits for this. As blockchain technology makes its presence felt strongly in many other industries like finance and banking, this study investigates the preparation of construction supply chains for blockchain technology through an explorative analysis. Empirical data for the study were collected through semi-structured interviews with 17 subject experts. Alongside presenting a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT), the study exhibits the requirements for and steps toward a construction supply structure facilitated by blockchain technology.

关键词： blockchain     smart contract     supply chain management     project management     construction    

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Polyhedral linkages obtained as assemblies of planar link groups

GÖkhan KİPER, Eres SÖYLEMEZ

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第1期   页码 3-9 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0363-6

摘要：

The study aims to devise means of obtaining polyhedral linkages for homothetic deployment of polyhedral shapes by embedding planar link groups in faces of the polyhedral shape of interest. The questions of which polyhedral shapes may be suitable for such a purpose and what are the compatibility conditions for spatially assembling planar link groups are addressed. Homohedral and tangential polyhedral shapes are found to be suitable for the task and some examples of linkages are worked out.

关键词： polyhedral linkages     homothety     homohedra     tangential polyhedra    

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Photo-induced surface frustrated Lewis pairs for promoted photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1603-6

摘要：

● Terminal carboxylate group activation is PFOA degradation’s rate-limiting step.

关键词： Heterogeneous photocatalysis     Surface frustrated Lewis pairs     Perfluorooctanoic acid     Defluorination efficiency     Environmental remediation    

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Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 17-26 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0369-3

摘要： Optimal application of pavement preservation or preventive maintenance is critical for highway agencies to allocate the limited budget for different treatments. This study developed an integrated life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) model to quantify the impact of pavement preservation on agency cost and vehicle operation cost (VOC) and analyzed the optimal timing of preservation treatments. The international roughness index (IRI) data were extracted from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program specific pavement studies 3 (SPS-3) to determine the long-term effectiveness of preservation treatments on IRI deterioration. The traffic loading and the initial IRI value significantly affects life extension and the benefit of agency cost caused by pavement preservation. The benefit in VOC is one to two orders greater in magnitude as compared to the benefit in agency cost. The optimal timing calculated based on VOC is always earlier than the optimal timing calculated based on agency cost. There are considerable differences among the optimal timing of three preservation treatments.

关键词： pavement preservation     life-cycle cost analysis     agency cost     vehicle operation cost    

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Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

摘要：

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

关键词： general anesthesia     economics     cost    

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Modeling of shear walls using finite shear connector elements based on continuum plasticity

Ulf Arne GIRHAMMAR, Per Johan GUSTAFSSON, Bo KÄLLSNER

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 143-157 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0377-3

摘要： Light-frame timber buildings are often stabilized against lateral loads by using diaphragm action of roofs, floors and walls. The mechanical behavior of the sheathing-to-framing joints has a significant impact on the structural performance of shear walls. Most sheathing-to-framing joints show nonlinear load-displacement characteristics with plastic behavior. This paper is focused on the finite element modeling of shear walls. The purpose is to present a new shear connector element based on the theory of continuum plasticity. The incremental load-displacement relationship is derived based on the elastic-plastic stiffness tensor including the elastic stiffness tensor, the plastic modulus, a function representing the yield criterion and a hardening rule, and function representing the plastic potential. The plastic properties are determined from experimental results obtained from testing actual connections. Load-displacement curves for shear walls are calculated using the shear connector model and they are compared with experimental and other computational results. Also, the ultimate horizontal load-carrying capacity is compared to results obtained by an analytical plastic design method. Good agreements are found.

关键词： shear walls     wall diaphragms     finite element modelling     plastic shear connector     analytical modelling     experimental comparison    

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Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期   页码 412-427 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0879-3

摘要： The coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, but its carbon footprint and cost assessment are still insufficient. In this paper, coal mining to oil production is taken as a life cycle to evaluate the carbon footprint and levelized costs of direct-coal-to-liquid and indirect-coal-to-liquid coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology under three scenarios: non capture, process capture, process and public capture throughout the life cycle. The results show that, first, the coupling carbon capture utilization and storage technology can reduce CO2 footprint by 28%–57% from 5.91 t CO2/t·oil of direct-coal-to-liquid and 24%–49% from 7.10 t CO2/t·oil of indirect-coal-to-liquid. Next, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 648–1027 $/t of oil, whereas that of indirect-coal-to-liquid is 653–1065 $/t of oil. When coupled with the carbon capture utilization and storage technology, the levelized cost of direct-coal-to-liquid is 285–1364 $/t of oil, compared to 1101–9793 $/t of oil for indirect-coal-to-liquid. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that CO2 transportation distance has the greatest impact on carbon footprint, while coal price and initial investment cost significantly affect the levelized cost of coal-to-liquid.

关键词： coal-to-liquid     carbon capture     utilization and storage (CCUS)     carbon footprint     levelized cost of liquid     lifecycle assessment    

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Floating production storage and offloading systems’ cost and motion performance: A systems thinking application

Rini NISHANTH, Andrew WHYTE, V. John KURIAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 357-368 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018022

摘要：

Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) units increasingly represent a practical and economic means for deep-water oil extraction and production. Systems thinking gives a unique opportunity to seek a balance between FPSO technical performance(s), with whole-cost; stakeholder decision-making is charged to align different fit-for-use design specification options’ that address technical-motion(s), with respective life-cycle cost analyses (LCCA). Soft system methodology allows situation based analyses over set periods-of-time by diagnosing the problem-at-hand; namely, assessing the antecedents of life-cycle cost relative to FPSO sub-component design alternatives. Alternative mooring- component comparisons for either new-build hulls or refurbished hulls represent an initial necessary consideration to facilitate extraction, production and storage of deep-water oil reserves. Coupled dynamic analysis has been performed to generate FPSO motion in six degrees of freedom using SESAM DeepC, while life-cycle cost analysis (LCAA) studies give net-present-value comparisons reflective of market conditions. A parametric study has been conducted by varying wave heights from 4 – 8 m to understand FPSO motion behavior in the presence of wind and current, as well as comparing the motions of turreted versus spread mooring design alternatives. LCCA data has been generated to compare the cost of such different mooring options/hull conditions over 10 and 25-year periods. Systems thinking has been used to explain the interaction of problem variables; resultantly this paper is able to identify explicit factors affecting the choice of FPSO configurations in terms of motion and whole-cost, toward assisting significantly with the front-end engineering design (FEED) phase of fit-for-purpose configured FPSOs, in waters off Malaysia and Australia.

关键词： FPSO     LCCA     spread/turret-mooring     DeepC     cost     motion     soft-systems    

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Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 367-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0253-5

摘要： Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

关键词： ultra-high arch dam     columnar jointed basalt     low-heat cement concrete     temperature controlled crack prevention     million-kilowatt unit     intelligent construction    

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DNAN的高级氧化过程研究 Article

苏海磊, Christos Christodoulatos, Benjamin Smolinski, Per Arienti, Greg O´Connor, 孟晓光

《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第5期   页码 849-854 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.003

摘要：

2,4-二硝基茴香醚（DNAN）是用于替代2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）的钝感炸药的一种重要成分。为了研究初始pH和过氧化氢（H2O2）剂量对DNAN降解动力学和降解途径的影响，开展了DNAN的光催化H2O2氧化实验。结果显示，初始pH为4~7且H2O2剂量为1500~4500 ppm，使用UV/ H2O2处理浓度为250 ppm的DNAN溶液时，DNAN的降解服从零级反应动力学。但是，当H2O2剂量为750 ppm时，DNAN的降解服从类一级反应动力学。结果表明，DNAN易于被UV/H2O2氧化降解。当H2O2剂量为1500 ppm且初始pH为7时，3 h内DNAN浓度从250 ppm降到1 ppm以内；但3 h内总有机碳（TOC）和总碳（TC）浓度从100 ppm降到70 ppm以下，9 h后降到5 ppm以下，说明生成了其他有机化合物。这些中间产物氧化为CO2的速度慢于DNAN的氧化速度。UV/H2O2氧化过程中，生成的CO2释放到空气中，因为溶液pH迅速降低到3左右。9 h的UV/H2O2处理后，DNAN中的N绝大多数转化为硝态氮。研究表明，UV/H2O2氧化是处理DNAN废水的有效技术。

关键词： 2     4-二硝基茴香醚     高级氧化技术     废水处理     光催化    

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论单位生产总值钢产量及钢产量、钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放

陆钟武,岳强,高成康

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第4期   页码 23-29

摘要：

单位生产总值钢产量指标对于调控钢产量，开展钢铁行业的节能、降耗和减排工作具有重要意义。首先给出了单位生产总值钢产量定义式，引入了“在役钢量”概念及其计算式；然后对单位GDP钢产量的定义式进行了两次变换，导出具有分析功能的新定义式；并以新定义式和钢产量计算式、钢铁行业能耗、物耗和排放计算式为依据，对钢产量及钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放进行了分析；最后，进行了与钢铁行业相关各参数的分类，并提出全面推进钢铁行业节能、降耗、减排工作的总体看法。

关键词： 单位生产总值钢产量     钢产量     在役钢     单位在役钢GDP     能耗    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Potential and economic viability of standalone hybrid systems for a rural community of Sokoto, North-west Nigeria

O. D. OHIJEAGBON,Oluseyi. O AJAYI

期刊论文

新京沪铁路最优化选择——时速200公里快速轮轨

李玉山

期刊论文

Interaction and combined toxicity of microplastics and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic

期刊论文

Effects of modafinil on vestibular function during 24 hour sleep deprivation

ZHAN Hao, XIE Sujiang, JIA Hongbo, WEI Sihuang, JING Baisheng

期刊论文

Preparing construction supply chains for blockchain technology: An investigation of its potential and future directions

Algan TEZEL, Eleni PAPADONIKOLAKI, Ibrahim YITMEN, Per HILLETOFTH

期刊论文

Polyhedral linkages obtained as assemblies of planar link groups

GÖkhan KİPER, Eres SÖYLEMEZ

期刊论文

Photo-induced surface frustrated Lewis pairs for promoted photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic

期刊论文

Life-cycle cost analysis of optimal timing of pavement preservation

Zilong WANG,Hao WANG

期刊论文

Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

null

期刊论文

Modeling of shear walls using finite shear connector elements based on continuum plasticity

Ulf Arne GIRHAMMAR, Per Johan GUSTAFSSON, Bo KÄLLSNER

期刊论文

Lifecycle carbon footprint and cost assessment for coal-to-liquid coupled with carbon capture, storage

期刊论文

Floating production storage and offloading systems’ cost and motion performance: A systems thinking application

Rini NISHANTH, Andrew WHYTE, V. John KURIAN

期刊论文

Key technical innovations in the construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station Project

期刊论文

DNAN的高级氧化过程研究

苏海磊, Christos Christodoulatos, Benjamin Smolinski, Per Arienti, Greg O´Connor, 孟晓光

期刊论文

论单位生产总值钢产量及钢产量、钢铁行业的能耗、物耗和排放

陆钟武,岳强,高成康

期刊论文